Where can live load element factor (KLL) values be found?

The live load element factor (KLL) values, which are used in structural design to adjust the live load based on the type of structural element and its conditions, are specifically provided in ASCE 7 Table 4.7-1. This table includes the necessary factors that help engineers determine how to apply live load reductions for various types of building elements, accounting for factors such as usage, exposure, and the nature of the load on the structure.

While other referenced standards and tables provide valuable information for different aspects of design—like load-bearing capacity, serviceability criteria, or material specifications—ASCE 7 directly addresses the live load scenarios that engineers encounter in practice. This makes ASCE 7 Table 4.7-1 the appropriate reference for determining live load element factors in the context of structural engineering.